Types of Leg Swelling.

Leg Oedema

Leg oedema is the medical term for swelling caused by a build-up of fluid in the tissues of the legs. It most commonly affects the legs, ankles, and feet.

Fluid normally moves in and out of blood vessels and tissues as part of healthy circulation. Oedema occurs when more fluid leaks out of the blood vessels than can be reabsorbed or drained away by the lymphatic system.

Common Symptoms:

• Swelling of the legs, ankles, or feet
• Tight or shiny skin
• Indentation in the skin when pressed (pitting)
• Heaviness or aching in the limbs
• Reduced flexibility or movement

Lymphoedema

Lymphoedema is a condition where there is a build-up of lymphatic fluid in the tissues due to a problem with the lymphatic system. This leads to persistent swelling, most often in the arms or legs.

The lymphatic system is part of the immune and fluid balance systems of the body. It collects excess fluid from tissues and returns it to the bloodstream through lymph vessels and lymph nodes.

Causes of Lymphoedema:

• Damage to lymph nodes or vessels from surgery or radiotherapy (secondary lymphoedema)
• Inherited problems with lymphatic development (primary lymphoedema)
• Infection, injury, or cancer

Symptoms:

• Persistent swelling of a limb
• Tightness or heaviness
• Thickened or hardened skin over time
• Reduced movement
• Increased risk of skin infections

Lipoedema

Lipoedema is a long-term condition involving an abnormal build-up of fatty tissue, usually in the legs and sometimes the arms. It most commonly affects women and is often symmetrical, meaning both sides of the body are affected equally.

The exact cause is not fully understood, but it is thought to be influenced by hormones and genetic factors. It often begins or worsens at times of hormonal change such as puberty, pregnancy, or menopause.

Key Features and Symptoms:

• Disproportionate fat distribution, with legs larger than the upper body
• Fatty tissue that is tender or painful to touch (contact tenderness)
• Easy bruising
• Minimal swelling of the feet (feet often spared)
• Feeling of heaviness or tightness in the legs

Lipoedema fat does not reduce significantly with diet or exercise alone and is different from fluid-related swelling seen in oedema and lymphoedema.